变压器在图像处理领域取得了显着的成就。受到这一巨大成功的启发，变形金刚在3D点云处理中的应用引起了越来越多的关注。本文提出了一个新颖的点云表示学习网络，具有双重自我注意的3D点云变压器（3DPCT）和一个编码器解码器结构。具体而言，3DPCT具有一个层次编码器，该编码器包含两个用于分类任务的局部全球双重注意模块（分段任务的三个模块），每个模块都包含一个局部特征聚合（LFA）块和全局特征学习（ GFL）块。 GFL块是双重的自我注意事项，既有在点上的自我注意力，又可以提高特征提取。此外，在LFA中，为更好地利用了提取的本地信息，设计了一种新颖的点自我发明模型，称为点斑点自我注意力（PPSA）。在分类和分割数据集上都评估了性能，其中包含合成数据和现实世界数据。广泛的实验表明，所提出的方法在分类和分割任务上都达到了最新的结果。

捕获不规则点云的局部和全局特征对于3D对象检测（3OD）至关重要。但是，主流3D探测器，例如，投票机及其变体，要么放弃池操作过程中的大量本地功能，要么忽略整个场景中的许多全球功能。本文探讨了新的模块，以同时学习积极服务3OD的场景点云的局部全球特征。为此，我们通过同时局部全球特征学习（称为3DLG-detector）提出了一个有效的3OD网络。 3DLG检测器有两个关键贡献。首先，它会开发一个动态点交互（DPI）模块，该模块可在合并过程中保留有效的本地特征。此外，DPI是可拆卸的，可以将其合并到现有的3OD网络中以提高其性能。其次，它开发了一个全局上下文聚合模块，以汇总编码器不同层的多尺度特征，以实现场景上下文意识。我们的方法在SUN RGB-D和扫描仪数据集的检测准确性和鲁棒性方面显示了13个竞争对手的进步。源代码将在出版物时提供。

3D表面的复杂性通常会导致表面降解中的尖端点云降解（PCD）模型，包括残余噪声，错误地被错误的几何细节。尽管使用多尺度贴片来编码点的几何形状已成为PCD中的共同智慧，但我们发现，根据有关嘈杂点的几何信息，提取的多尺度特征的简单聚合无法自适应地利用适当的比例信息。它导致表面降解，尤其是对于接近边缘和复杂曲面上的点的点。我们提出了一个有趣的问题 - 如果采用多尺度的几何感知信息来指导网络利用多尺度信息，可以消除严重的表面降解问题吗？为了回答它，我们提出了一个为多尺度补丁定制的多关型denoising网络（MODNET）。首先，我们通过补丁功能编码器提取三个量表补丁的低级特征。其次，一个多尺度感知模块设计用于嵌入每个刻度功能的多尺度几何信息，并回归多尺度权重，以指导多关机deoising位移。第三，一个多偏移解码器会回归三个比例偏移，这些缩放量偏移以多尺度权重为指导，以通过适应性加权来预测最终位移。实验表明，我们的方法在合成和实范围的数据集上都实现了新的最新性能。

变压器一直是自然语言处理（NLP）和计算机视觉（CV）革命的核心。 NLP和CV的显着成功启发了探索变压器在点云处理中的使用。但是，变压器如何应对点云的不规则性和无序性质？变压器对于不同的3D表示（例如，基于点或体素）的合适性如何？各种3D处理任务的变压器有多大的能力？截至目前，仍然没有对这些问题的研究进行系统的调查。我们第一次为3D点云分析提供了越来越受欢迎的变压器的全面概述。我们首先介绍变压器体系结构的理论，并在2D/3D字段中审查其应用程序。然后，我们提出三种不同的分类法（即实现 - 数据表示和基于任务），它们可以从多个角度对当前的基于变压器的方法进行分类。此外，我们介绍了研究3D中自我注意机制的变异和改进的结果。为了证明变压器在点云分析中的优势，我们提供了基于各种变压器的分类，分割和对象检测方法的全面比较。最后，我们建议三个潜在的研究方向，为3D变压器的开发提供福利参考。

In this chapter, we review and discuss the transformation of AI technology in HCI/UX work and assess how AI technology will change how we do the work. We first discuss how AI can be used to enhance the result of user research and design evaluation. We then discuss how AI technology can be used to enhance HCI/UX design. Finally, we discuss how AI-enabled capabilities can improve UX when users interact with computing systems, applications, and services.

An increasing number of public datasets have shown a marked clinical impact on assessing anatomical structures. However, each of the datasets is small, partially labeled, and rarely investigates severe tumor subjects. Moreover, current models are limited to segmenting specific organs/tumors, which can not be extended to novel domains and classes. To tackle these limitations, we introduce embedding learned from Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) to segmentation models, dubbed the CLIP-Driven Universal Model. The Universal Model can better segment 25 organs and 6 types of tumors by exploiting the semantic relationship between abdominal structures. The model is developed from an assembly of 14 datasets with 3,410 CT scans and evaluated on 6,162 external CT scans from 3 datasets. We rank first on the public leaderboard of the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) and achieve the state-of-the-art results on Beyond The Cranial Vault (BTCV). Compared with dataset-specific models, the Universal Model is computationally more efficient (6x faster), generalizes better to CT scans from varying sites, and shows stronger transfer learning performance on novel tasks. The design of CLIP embedding enables the Universal Model to be easily extended to new classes without catastrophically forgetting the previously learned classes.

Recent advances in self-supervised learning (SSL) in computer vision are primarily comparative, whose goal is to preserve invariant and discriminative semantics in latent representations by comparing siamese image views. However, the preserved high-level semantics do not contain enough local information, which is vital in medical image analysis (e.g., image-based diagnosis and tumor segmentation). To mitigate the locality problem of comparative SSL, we propose to incorporate the task of pixel restoration for explicitly encoding more pixel-level information into high-level semantics. We also address the preservation of scale information, a powerful tool in aiding image understanding but has not drawn much attention in SSL. The resulting framework can be formulated as a multi-task optimization problem on the feature pyramid. Specifically, we conduct multi-scale pixel restoration and siamese feature comparison in the pyramid. In addition, we propose non-skip U-Net to build the feature pyramid and develop sub-crop to replace multi-crop in 3D medical imaging. The proposed unified SSL framework (PCRLv2) surpasses its self-supervised counterparts on various tasks, including brain tumor segmentation (BraTS 2018), chest pathology identification (ChestX-ray, CheXpert), pulmonary nodule detection (LUNA), and abdominal organ segmentation (LiTS), sometimes outperforming them by large margins with limited annotations.

We present Muse, a text-to-image Transformer model that achieves state-of-the-art image generation performance while being significantly more efficient than diffusion or autoregressive models. Muse is trained on a masked modeling task in discrete token space: given the text embedding extracted from a pre-trained large language model (LLM), Muse is trained to predict randomly masked image tokens. Compared to pixel-space diffusion models, such as Imagen and DALL-E 2, Muse is significantly more efficient due to the use of discrete tokens and requiring fewer sampling iterations; compared to autoregressive models, such as Parti, Muse is more efficient due to the use of parallel decoding. The use of a pre-trained LLM enables fine-grained language understanding, translating to high-fidelity image generation and the understanding of visual concepts such as objects, their spatial relationships, pose, cardinality etc. Our 900M parameter model achieves a new SOTA on CC3M, with an FID score of 6.06. The Muse 3B parameter model achieves an FID of 7.88 on zero-shot COCO evaluation, along with a CLIP score of 0.32. Muse also directly enables a number of image editing applications without the need to fine-tune or invert the model: inpainting, outpainting, and mask-free editing. More results are available at https://muse-model.github.io

Feature selection helps reduce data acquisition costs in ML, but the standard approach is to train models with static feature subsets. Here, we consider the dynamic feature selection (DFS) problem where a model sequentially queries features based on the presently available information. DFS is often addressed with reinforcement learning (RL), but we explore a simpler approach of greedily selecting features based on their conditional mutual information. This method is theoretically appealing but requires oracle access to the data distribution, so we develop a learning approach based on amortized optimization. The proposed method is shown to recover the greedy policy when trained to optimality and outperforms numerous existing feature selection methods in our experiments, thus validating it as a simple but powerful approach for this problem.

Human parsing aims to partition humans in image or video into multiple pixel-level semantic parts. In the last decade, it has gained significantly increased interest in the computer vision community and has been utilized in a broad range of practical applications, from security monitoring, to social media, to visual special effects, just to name a few. Although deep learning-based human parsing solutions have made remarkable achievements, many important concepts, existing challenges, and potential research directions are still confusing. In this survey, we comprehensively review three core sub-tasks: single human parsing, multiple human parsing, and video human parsing, by introducing their respective task settings, background concepts, relevant problems and applications, representative literature, and datasets. We also present quantitative performance comparisons of the reviewed methods on benchmark datasets. Additionally, to promote sustainable development of the community, we put forward a transformer-based human parsing framework, providing a high-performance baseline for follow-up research through universal, concise, and extensible solutions. Finally, we point out a set of under-investigated open issues in this field and suggest new directions for future study. We also provide a regularly updated project page, to continuously track recent developments in this fast-advancing field: https://github.com/soeaver/awesome-human-parsing.